RESUMO Objetivo: determinar, em pacientes pediátricos portadores de neoplasias malignas, as características de nódulos pulmonares identificados à tomografia computadorizada, capazes de diferenciar nódulos benignos de metástases. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos a ressecções pulmonares de nódulos diagnosticados como metástases em um período de sete anos. Achados de tomografia e da cirurgia, assim como resultados dos exames anatomopatológicos foram comparados. Resultados: nove pacientes, submetidos a 11 intervenções cirúrgicas, foram estudados. Entre as variáveis estudadas, apenas o tamanho do nódulo, maior do que 12,5mm provou ser estatisticamente significante para predizer malignidade. Conclusão: esse estudo sugere que, entre as características tomográficas de nódulos pulmonares de crianças portadoras de neoplasias malignas, apenas o tamanho da lesão foi preditor de malignidade.

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine, in pediatric patients with malignant neoplasms, the characteristics of pulmonary nodules identified on computed tomography, as well as the possibility of differentiating benign lesions from metastases. Methods: we conducted a retrospective study of patients submitted to pulmonary resections of nodules diagnosed as metastases in a period of seven years. We compared computed tomography and surgery findings, as well as results of anatomopathological examinations. Results: we studied nine patients submitted to 11 surgical interventions. Among the studied variables, only nodule size greater than 12.5mm proved to be statistically significant to predict malignancy. Conclusion: among the tomographic characteristics of pulmonary nodules in children with malignant neoplasms, only the size of the lesion was a predictor of malignancy.

A rinite alérgica é uma inflamação da mucosa nasal, induzida pela exposição a alérgenos, responsável por impacto negativo sobre a capacidade cognitiva dos afetados. OBJETIVO: Correlacionar a média da qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com sintomas de rinite alérgica com a presença de fatores ambientais domiciliares relatados na literatura como desencadeantes das crises alérgicas. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte histórica com corte transversal no qual foram convidadas a participar 120 crianças e adolescentes com manifestações clínicas de rinite alérgica, as quais foram divididas em dois grupos, de acordo com a quantidade de fatores ambientais inadequados em seus domicílios. Aplicou-se, então, o questionário PedsQL 4.0 para quantificação da qualidade de vida com posterior comparação entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: Não foi encontrada diferença significante (p > 0,05) na média dos escores do questionário PedsQL ao comparar a qualidade de vida dos participantes com a presença dos fatores ambientais inadequados avaliados no estudo, porém, notou-se maior incidência de manifestações alérgicas nas crianças com maior número desses fatores. CONCLUSÃO: Os fatores ambientais inadequados estudados não tiveram relação com a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. No entanto, a análise das moradias e sintomatologia dos mesmos sugere que o ambiente interferiu no aparecimento das manifestações alérgicas.

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by exposure to allergens, which impairs the cognitive capabilities of the affected. OBJECTIVE: To correlate the mean scores of quality of life of children and adolescents with symptoms of allergic rhinitis and the presence of household environmental factors described in the literature as allergy triggers. METHOD: This cross-sectional retrospective cohort study included 120 children and adolescents presenting clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the number of allergy-triggering environmental factors seen in their households. Scale PedsQL 4.0 was used to quantify quality of life and allow further comparisons between groups. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were seen in the PedsQL mean scores when participant quality of life was analyzed vis-a-vis triggering environmental factors. However, the incidence of allergy manifestations was higher in children exposed to more environmental factors. CONCLUSION: The studied environmental factors were not correlated with patient quality of life. However, the analysis of patient households and symptoms indicates the environment played a role in the onset of allergy events.

Sidastrum micranthum (A. St.-Hil.) Fryxell, Malvaceae, grows in the northeastern region of Brazil, where the leaves of this species are traditionally used to treat coughs, bronchitis or asthma. Male Swiss mice (20-22 g) were tested in models of acute pain (acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, tail flick and formalin test), oedema assessment test (paw oedema test) and model for evaluation of spontaneous motor performance (open field test). The hydroethanolic extract of S. micranthum was administered orally at doses of 50-500 mg/kg. In addition were administered water, vehicle, morphine 5.01 mg/kg (evaluation of pain and motor performance) and dexamethasone 2.25 mg/kg (evaluation of oedema formation). The extract showed a significant effect at all doses in the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test and at the second phase of the formalin test, while in the first phase of this test and in the paw oedema test only at the highest dose (500 mg/kg). In the formalin and paw oedema tests, the extract had a potentiation of the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by pretreatment with L-NAME and reduction of the effect by pretreatment with L-arginine. The extract was not toxic after oral administration (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg).

Novas classes de aços inoxidáveis martensíticos, com baixo teor de carbono, têm sido desenvolvidas, para atender, principalmente, às necessidades do segmento da indústria do petróleo. Contudo o seu uso tem sido restrito pelo fato de ser um desenvolvimento recente e muitas de suas propriedades ainda são motivos de investigação. Nesse trabalho, foram determinados os valores das temperaturas inicial e final da transformação austenítica e as temperaturas de início e fim da formação martensítica, para a liga 13Cr2Ni0,1C, através de ensaios dilatométricos com resfriamento contínuo. Com base nesses resultados, foram obtidas as condições otimizadas dos tratamentos térmicos de têmpera e revenido. A caracterização microestrutural das ligas na condição de bruta fusão foi realizada por microscopia ótica observando-se uma matriz martensítica com a presença de ferrita delta.

New classes of martensitic stainless steels, with low carbon levels, have been developed aiming to meet the needs of the petroleum industry segment. However, their use has been restricted due to the fact it is a recent development and many of its properties are still under investigation. This work determines the values of initial and final temperatures for the austenitic transformation and the initial and final temperatures of martensitic formation for alloy 13Cr2Ni0,1C, by means of dilatometric tests under continuous cooling. Based on these results the optimized conditions for quench and temper heat treatments were obtained. The microstructural characterization of the alloys under coarse fusion condition was carried out by optical microscopy and the presence of delta-ferrite in the martensitic matrix was observed.